ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the influence of the variation of SARS-CoV-2 on the clinical feature, and to provide early warning signs for the variation of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical work. Methods: From Jan 2, 2021 to Jun 30, 2021, a total of 105 COVID-19 patients were included in the study using a case-control method. Nasal swab samples were collected from the study subjects, the viral genes were sequenced, and patients were divided into Delta variant group and non-Delta variant group according to their gene sequences. Clinically relevant data were collected from the two groups, and indicators such as days of hospitalization, age distribution, lymphocytes, neutrophils, B lymphocytes, NK cells, IL-4, and IL-10 were compared;subgroup analysis was performed based on the number of days of viral negativity in the study subjects as the basis for grouping, and differences in immunological characteristics were compared, including lymphocytes, neutrophils, B lymphocytes, NK cells, IL-4, IL-10, etc. Results: The theoretical hospitalization days of Delta variant group were (22.2..8.33) d, which were significantly longer than (17.6 .. 10.50) d of non-Delta variant group (t = 2.396, P < 0.05). The total lymphocyte count and IL-4 of Delta variant group were (1.22..0.86) ..109/L and (0.80 .. 0.23) ng/mL, which were significantly lower than corresponding (1.91 .. 0.70) ..109/L and (1.59 .. 0.59) ng/mL of non-Delta variant group (t = 4.329, 9.072, P < 0.05), while IL-10 was (7.16 .. 7.77) ng/mL, which was significantly higher than (4.26 .. 3.91) ng/mL of non-Delta mutation group (t = 1.980, P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that the total lymphocyte count and IL-4 concentration in Delta variant group were (1.04 .. 0.60) ..109/L and (0.74 .. 0.25) ng/ml, which were significantly lower than corresponding (1.62..0.56) ..109/L and (1.56 .. 0.52) ng/mL in non-Delta variant group, in patients with delayed discharge (P < 0.05). Conclutions SARS-CoV-2 variant has an impact on clinical manifestations. The patient's B cell count and IL-10 concentration increased or IL-2 and IL-4 concentration decreased within 12 hours of admission indicated variant virus infection. The decrease of total lymphocyte count, especially T lymphocyte reduction, strongly suggests discharge delay due to viral clearance disorder.
ABSTRACT
The study's objective was to examine the clinically significant changes in regular laboratory testing in individuals with diabetes mellitus complicated by corona virus illness in 2019. (COVID-19). Methods From January 21 to March 2, 2020, the Department of Infectious Diseases at Nanyang Central Hospital in the Henan Province received test results from COVID-19 patients. The patients were split into two groups: those with diabetes mellitus (DM) and those without diabetes mellitus (NDM). The Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to assess the differences between the two groups, and the risk variables for patients with severe conditions were examined using logistic regression analysis. In the non-DM group, there were 36 instances, while in the DM group, there were 17 cases. The age difference between the DM group and the non-DM group was statistically significant (t=3.31, P=0.001), with the DM group's age being 59.12 10.92 years as opposed to the non-DM group's age being 45.03 16.73 years. The neutrophil count, FIB, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-4 levels of the DM group were significantly higher than those of the non-DM group, while the lymphocyte count was significantly lower. The differences were statistically significant (t=2.45 3.40, all P 0.05), and the lymphocyte count was lower than the neutrophil count in both groups. The percentage of severe COVID-19 (58.80% vs. 16.67%) and hospital stay (15.18 vs. 10.39 vs. 5.82 days) were both statistically significantly greater in the DM group than in the non-DM group. After correcting for gender and age, it was shown that lymphocyte count and diabetes were separate risk factors for patients with severe COVID-19. COVID-19 patients with diabetes had a more prominent inflammatory response and were in a hypercoagulable condition. For them, individualized hypoglycemic treatment should be used.
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Background and Objective: Despite of the COVID-19 pathogenesis and severity of the infection still completely unclear, but the human's genetic variation in gene participate in SARS-COV2 infectivity, inflammation and immunity response might have a great association with severity of clinical out-comes of nCoV-2019 disease. This study evaluates the impact of CD14-159 and IL4 genotypes on the severity of SARS-COV2 infection. Materials and method: This research have been done with one hundred individuals from Al-Qadisiyah governorate in Iraq, whom infected with SARA-COV2. The patients have been divided into three subgroups according to severity of clinical symptoms;mild, moderate and severe groups. RFLP-PCR technique has been worked out to specify genes polymorphisms.
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To determine the clinical value of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) in treatment of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). According to the random-number method, 104 NCP patients were divided equally into control group and observation group in our hospital. In the control group, patients were treated according to the Pneumonia diagnosis and treatment scheme for new coronavirus infection (trial version 5). In the observation group, patients were administered DG enteric capsules (150 mg, t.d.s.). All patients were treated continuously for 2 weeks. The clinical effects in both groups were observed. Levels of inflammation indicators [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL) -4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -a] and immune-function indicators [cluster of differentiation (CD)3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+] were compared between the two groups. Adverse reactions were documented. The prevalence of cure [19.23% (10/52) vs. 7.69% (4/ 52)], significant efficacy [28.85% (15/52) vs. 17.31% (9/52)] and total efficacy [61.54% (32/52) vs. 40.38% (20/52)] of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05 for all). After treatment, the serum levels of CRP [(1.90 +or- 085) vs. (3.26 +or- 1.63) mg/L], IL-4 [(21.35 +or- 8.90) vs. (26.24 +or- 9.16) pg/mL], and TNF-a [(4.85 +or- 2.15) vs. (7.97 +or- 3.36) pg/mL] of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05 for all). The levels of CD3+ [(6630 +or- 8.83)% vs. (54.19 +or- 7.79)%], CD4+ [(39.42 +or- 4.72)% vs, (33.18 +or- 4.10)%], CD8+ [(28.14 +or- 4.22)% vs. (23.39 +or- 3.88)%], and CD4+/CD8+ [(1.62+or- 043) vs. (1.21 +or- 0.29)] of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05 for all). The prevalence of adverse reactions [15.38% (8/52) vs. 28.85% (15/52)] of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). DG has a significant clinical effect and a good safety profile for NCP treatment.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Chronic prostatitis (CP) has long been considered one of the common causes of male infertility. The influence of therapy for CP on spermatogenesis is well studied. However, recently, especially in the era of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), much attention has been paid to the effects of cytokines on the pathogenesis of the inflammatory process, and their impact on male fertility. AIM: To study the effect of a complex of natural antimicrobial peptides and cytokines (Superlymph) on ejaculate, MAR test, oxidative stress (OS), and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in men with infertility and a history of CP. In some patients, the level of cytokines before and after treatment was determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 583 infertile men with a history of CP, aged 18-75 years, were screened according to the inclusion/ exclusion criteria. In group I, patients received antioxidant stimulation of spermatogenesis (triovit, trental, mexidol) in combination with a complex of natural antimicrobial peptides and cytokines (Superlymph) one suppository 25 IU at night for 20 days for 1-3 weeks and for 6-8 weeks for 2 months. In group II, antioxidant stimulation of spermatogenesis was prescribed along with suppositories for the prevention of CP for 2 months. The evaluated criteria included sperm analysis, MAR test, oxidative stress in spermatozoa (reactive oxygen species (ROS)) and SDF. The levels of seminal plasma cytokines were also measured before and after treatment in 32 patients using the Bio-Plex Pro panel for the simultaneous determination of 17 human cytokines, the Human Cytokine 17-plex Assay. Statistica-10 software was used for statistical analysis (p<0.05). RESULTS: Of 135 eligible patients, results were collected from 125 men (mean age 31.7 +/- 13.4 years). In group I, there was a more pronounced increase in motility by 42.3%, a decrease in the MAR-test level by 64.7%, oxidative stress in spermatozoa by 56.1%, and SDF by 25.6%, compared to group II (30.4 %, 10.5%, 45.7%, 21.9%), respectively. All these changes were significant with the exception of a decrease in the level of SDF. In group I, there was a predominant increase in the activity of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, 10, 13), a decrease in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines ((IL-2, 12). In group II, there was a significant decrease in both pro-inflammatory (IL-2, 6, 8), and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4). The remaining changes were insignificant. Among mild side effects, there were a change in the color of the sclera in 4 (3.2%), anal pain in 3 (2.4%), a decrease in libido in 2 (1.6%) patients. No differences between groups in the frequency of side effects were recorded (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Antioxidant stimulation of spermatogenesis in infertile men and CP is an effective and safe. The addition of a complex of natural antimicrobial peptides and cytokines (Superlymph) leads to a more profound increase in sperm motility, a decrease in the MAR-test, oxidative stress in sperm cells, which potentiates the effects of therapy. The use of Superlymph is accompanied by a more pronounced positive effect on pathospermia, an increase in anti-inflammatory and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the contrary, in control group, where patients received antioxidant stimulation of spermatogenesis, only a decrease in the level of main cytokines was observed. The effect of a complex of natural antimicrobial peptides and cytokines (Superlymph) on the level of SDF, as well as the relationship with fertility and childbirth rates, requires further study.